The Kizil Caves (also romanized Qizil Caves; spelling variant Qyzyl; Uyghur: Qizil Ming 謞; Chinese: ??????; pinyin: K鑪ier Qianf?D騨g; literally 'Kizil Cave of a Thousand Buddhas') are a set of 236 Buddhist rock-cut caves located near Kizil Township (????) in Baicheng County; Xinjiang; China. The site is located on the northern bank of the Muzat River 75 kilometres (by road) northwest of Kucha (Kuqa). This area was a commercial hub of the Silk Road.

The caves are said to be the earliest major Buddhist cave complex in China; with development occurring between the 3rd and 8th centuries. Although the site has been both damaged and looted; at least 1000 square metres of wall paintings - mostly Jataka stories - remain.

Mallabhum (Bengali: ???????) was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of Bishnupur primarily in the present Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.