Sogdiana or Sogdia (Old Persian: Suguda-; Ancient Greek: S??d?a??; New Persian: ??? - Sogd; Tajik: ???? - Sughd; Turkish: Sogut; Chinese:???) was the ancient civilization of an Iranian people and a province of the Achaemenid Persian Empire; eighteenth in the list on the Behistun Inscription of Darius the Great.

Sogdiana; at different times; included territories around Samarkand; Bukhara; Khujand and Kesh in modern Uzbekistan. The inhabitants of Sogdiana were the Sogdians; an Eastern Iranian people; who are among the ancestors of modern-day Tajiks and Yagnobis.