Henri Laurent Rivi鑢e (1827-83) was a French naval officer and a writer; chiefly remembered today for his role in advancing the French conquest of Tonkin (northern Vietnam) in the 1880s. Rivi鑢e's seizure of the citadel of Hanoi in April 1882 inaugurated a period of undeclared hostilities between France and China that culminated two years later in the Sino-French War (August 1884-April 1885).

The Tonkin Campaign (French: Campagne du Tonkin) was a armed conflict fought between June 1883 and April 1886 by the French against; variously; the Vietnamese; Liu Yongfu's Black Flag Army and the Chinese Guangxi and Yunnan armies to occupy Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and entrench a French protectorate there.

The campaign; complicated in August 1884 by the outbreak of the Sino-French War and in July 1885 by the Can Vuong nationalist uprising in Annam; which required the diversion of large numbers of French troops; was conducted by the Tonkin Expeditionary Corps; supported by the gunboats of the Tonkin Flotilla. The campaign officially ended in April 1886; when the expeditionary corps was reduced in size to a division of occupation; but Tonkin was not effectively pacified until 1896.