DNA-encoded medical assay research. The image shows the DEAL (DNA-encoded antibody library) barcode assay, a system designed to allow early detection of diseases such as cancer through rapid and quantitative measurement of serum and tissue-based biomarkers. Eventually, the aim is to have individual identities for every human disease, allowing for personalized medicine. This work was carried out by researchers at the Nanosystems Biology Cancer Center at CalTech, USA. Image produced in 2008.