???; Dong fa hu?- French Indochina (French: Indochine fran鏰ise; Vietnamese: 恤ng Duong thu?c Ph醦; frequently abbreviated to 恤ng Ph醦) was part of the French colonial empire in southeast Asia. A federation of the three Vietnamese regions; Tonkin (North); Annam (Central); and Cochinchina (South); as well as Cambodia; was formed in 1887. Laos was added in 1893 and Kouang-Tch閛u-Wan in 1900.

The capital was moved from Saigon (in Cochinchina) to Hanoi (Tonkin) in 1902. During World War II; the colony was administered by Vichy France and was under Japanese occupation. Beginning in May 1941; the Viet Minh; a communist army led by Ho Chi Minh; began a revolt against French rule known as the First Indochina War. In 1954; after its defeat at Dien Bien Phu; France withdrew permanently from all parts of Indochina. Pictures From History