The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 - 2 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in Southern Russia; near the eastern boundary of Europe.

Marked by constant close quarters combat and direct assaults on civilians by air raids; it is often regarded as one of the single largest (nearly 2.2 million personnel) and bloodiest (1.7-2 million wounded; killed or captured) battles in the history of warfare. The heavy losses inflicted on the German Wehrmacht make it arguably the most strategically decisive battle of the whole war. It was a turning point in the European theatre of World War II; German forces never regained the initiative in the East and withdrew a vast military force from the West to replace their losses.