Three chitarroni (theorbo or bass lute). Venetian chitarrone with inlaid mother of pearl (left); Venetian chitarrone from 1608 (centre); and one exhibited in 1885 by Edward Joseph of Bond Street with six pairs of unisons and seven diapasons (right). Chromolithograph from an illustration by William Gibb from A.J. Hipkins' 鈥楳usical Instruments; Historic; Rare and Unique;' Adam and Charles Black; Edinburgh; 1888. Alfred James Hipkins (1826-1903) was an English musicologist who specialized in the history of the pianoforte and other instruments. William Gibb was a master illustrator and chromolithographer and illustrated 鈥楾he Royal House of Stuart' (1890); 鈥楴aval and Military Trophies' (1896); and others.