Blue tit; Parus caeruleus; and crested lark; Galerida cristata. Handcoloured copperplate stipple engraving from Dumont de Sainte-Croix's 鈥楧ictionary of Natural Science: Ornithology;' Paris; France; 1816-1830. Illustration by J. G. Pretre; engraved by David; directed by Pierre Jean-Francois Turpin; and published by F.G. Levrault. Jean Gabriel Pretre (1780~1845) was painter of natural history at Empress Josephine's zoo and later became artist to the Museum of Natural History. Turpin (1775-1840) is considered one of the greatest French botanical illustrators of the 19th century.