Both sides of the PCB in a TV remote control. The uppermost side in the remote control shows 52 contact points corresponding to the buttons on the keypad of the cover. When a button is pressed, its conductive base connects with the corresponding contact point below completing an electrical circuit to the 8-bit, low-voltage operation microcontoller. This is a highly integrated chip of the RISC (reduced instruction set computer) type being specifically designed for the limited functions necessary for a tv remote control. The microcontroller creates a coded command signal which is then transmitted as infra-red light by the I-R light emitting diode (LED) to the sensor on the TV receiver (or set-top box) where it is decoded. The reverse side of the PCB shows the micro-controller near the centre, the infra-red LED at the top and at the other end location points for 2 x 1.5v AAA batteries.