Propaganda from the Chinese Cultural Revolution. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was a social-political movement that took place in the People's Republic of China. Set into motion by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Communist Party of China, its stated goal was to enforce communism in the country by removing capitalist, traditional and cultural elements from Chinese society, and to impose Maoist orthodoxy within the Party. The movement paralyzed China politically and significantly affected the country economically and socially. (Photo by: Universal History Archive/UIG via Getty images).