Historical Arabic water clock. Historical Arabic manuscript by Banu Musa ibn al-Shakir al-Munajjim, entitled 'A mask. (The clock of pseudo-Archimedes)', with a diagram showing part of a water-propelled time-keeping device that is activated by the amount of water in a basin. Pseudo-Archimedes is a name given to an unknown source quoted by various sources of the Islamic Golden Age, as a reference for the construction of water clocks. The Banu Musa brothers were three 9th Century Iranian scholars known for their Book of Ingenious Devices on automata (automatic machines) and mechanical devices.