Albert Einstein (1879-1955), Swiss-German-US physicist. Einstein's famous mass-energy equation resulted from his 1905 paper on Special Relativity. This paper, with his 1915 General Theory of Relativity, replaced the Newtonian world view, rewriting the concepts of gravity, space and time. Einstein also contributed to theories of quantum physics. He was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the photoelectric effect. Emigrating to the USA in 1933, he encouraged the atomic bomb project. In later years he campaigned for nuclear disarmament. In 1999, he was made 'Person of the Century' by TIME magazine.