Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS). Black Falcon robot operates during MIS, also called laparoscopy or endoscopic surgery, on a dummy's chest. It can perform MIS procedures which are difficult to do manually, such as heart surgery. A small incision is made & the robot's wrist unit (seen on monitor) is passed through it. Images are passed from a camera on the wrist by optical fibres to a surgeon, who remotely-controls the surgical inst- ruments on the robot's wrist. The wrist has 8 deg- rees of freedom to let it move like a human's wrist & hand. MIS reduces patient pain & recovery times. Black Falcon was developed by Akhil Madhani at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.