Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) robot. Black Falcon robot for use in MIS, also called laparoscopy or endoscopic surgery. It can perform MIS procedures which are difficult to do manually, such as heart surgery. A small incision is made in the patient & the robot's wrist unit is passed through it. Images are passed from a camera on the wrist to a surgeon by optical fibres. The surgeon remotely controls the actions of the instruments on the robot's wrist. The wrist has 8 degrees of freedom to let it move like a human's hand and wrist. MIS reduces patient pain & recovery times. Black Falcon was developed by Akhil Madhani at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.