Headache. Conceptual composite image of lightning superimposed on an X-ray of a human skull, representing a headache. Headache is a common form of pain produced by tension in the scalp and the membranes surrounding the brain (meninges). Causes are varied and include stress, irregular sleeping patterns and diet. Mild headache is treated with analgesic (painkilling) drugs. Migraine is a severe form of headache sometimes accompanied by vomiting and visual disturbances. Pain may last for up to two days. It is treated with analgesic and antiemetic (anti-nausea) drugs, or with prophylactic drugs if attacks are frequent.