Johann Lukas Schonlein (1793-1864), German doctor. Schonlein was one of the most important medical scientists of the Biedermeier Zeit, the period following the Napoleonic wars. His work contributed to the establishment of medicine as a natural science and his medical teaching methods were the to form the basis of many other medical schools. Clinically, Sconlein showed that the human skin disease favus was due to a parasitic fungus, which started the branch of mycology. He was pioneer in nephrology, the study of the kidneys and their diseases.