Frederick Sanger (b.1918), British biochemist and double Nobel Laureate. Sanger was educated at Cambridge, gaining his doctorate in 1943. In 1951 he started work at the Medical Research Council, and in 1955 he published the complete amino acid sequence of bovine insulin, the first protein to be sequenced. This won Sanger his first 'Nobel', the 1958 Prize for Chemistry. Building on this, Sanger pioneered new methods of establishing base sequences in DNA using restriction enzymes. In 1977, he and his team published a DNA base sequence for the virus Phi X 174, with over 5400 bases. This work led to Sanger sharing the 1980 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.