Lydia Rabinowitsch-Kempner (1871-1935), Russian bacteriologist. Born Lydia Rabinowitsch in Kovno, Russia, Rabinowitsch studied natural sciences at the universities of Zurich and Bern, Switzerland. She then studied bacteriology at the Institute for Infectious Diseases in Berlin, Germany. In 1895 she went to Philadelphia, USA, where she became a medical professor and founded a bacteriological institute. She gave a lecture on medicine and women at the International Congress of Women (1896) in Berlin. She married Dr Walter Kempner in 1898. At the Breslau congress (1904) she organised the hygiene and bacteriology session.