Gavin Kenny. Portrait of anaesthetist Gavin Kenny of Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Scotland, inventor of a monitor to prevent a patient waking up during surgery. The monitor is in the background. It records levels of consciousness of the patient, by measuring brain activity in response to clicking sounds" delivered through earphones. Electrodes on the patient's head record brain response to the "clicks" when awake, and when unconscious under the anaesthetic. This provides a scale of patient "awakeness" and their depth of unconsciousness. It is a more accurate assessor of consciousness than heart rate or breathing levels."