Albert Einstein (1879-1955), German-Swiss-US physicist. Born in Ulm, Germany, Einstein studied at the Zurich Polytechnic Institute until the age of 21, then worked at the Swiss patent office. In 1905, while still at the patent office, he published a paper on the special theory of relativity, which resulted in the famous equation E=mc2, which states that mass (m) and energy (E) are related by the square of the speed of light (c). However, it was for work on the photoelectric effect that he received the 1921 Nobel Prize for Physics. Einstein moved to the USA in 1933 where he encouraged the first atomic bomb project. Later in life he became a prominent campaigner for nuclear disarmament.