Photograph of Thomas Edison (1847-1931), American inventor, at the age of 31. Edison received no formal education. In 1869, he invented a paper tape 'ticker' for sending stock prices across the country, and sold it for $30,000. He used this to establish an industrial research laboratory where he spent the rest of his life. His more notable inventions include the carbon granule microphone, the phonograph (seen here) and the electric light bulb. During his life he filed 1069 patents. He also enriched physics by discovering that electricity flows from a heated filament to a nearby electrode, but not in reverse (the Edison effect).