Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) was a French neurologist who is considered to be the founder of modern neurology. Here he is seen in 1880 (at the age of 55, upper left), and 1889 (age 64, upper right and lower centre). Charcot qualified as a doctor in 1853. By 1863 he was a senior physician at the Salpetriere hospital, Paris, founding its famous neurology clinic in 1882. By 1872 he had begun studying hysteria, and was a professor at the University of Paris, where he was appointed to the first chair of neurology (1882). In later life he was elected to prestigious societies and academies, and awarded the Legion of Honour. His health declined in 1890. He died aged 68 in 1893.