Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893), French neurologist. In 1863 Charcot was appointed to the Saltpetriere Hospital for mental disorders in Paris, France. Using observation and autopsies Charcot was able to relate several diseases of the nervous system to specific lesions. He discovered the disintegration of ligaments and joint surfaces (called Charcot's disease) in advanced cases of locomotor ataxia. He supported the finds of Paul Broca that different bodily functions are controlled by different parts of the brain. Charcot became a leading figure in the Paris Medical School and his pupils included Sigmund Freud. Charcot is wearing his Legion of Honour medal.