French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893, to the left of the patient) demonstrating a case of hysteria, in 1886 at the Salpetriere hospital in Paris. Charcot's careful clinical observations and autopsies enabled him to relate some diseases of the nervous system to specific lesions; for example the paralysis of polio with the destruction of motor cells in the spinal cord. Charcot was a leading figure in the Paris Medical School, and his pupils included Sigmund Freud who developed Charcot's special interest in hysteria. Gilles de la Tourette (1857-1904), identifier of Tourette syndrome, is at the front of the group at lower left. Based on a painting by A. Brouillet.