Baboon blood research. Surgical staff checking a baboon in an ice bath during an artificial blood experiment. The baboon's blood has been replaced with an artificial substitute. Here, its body temperature is being cooled to below 10 degrees Celsius for three hours. Artificial blood can aid the preservation of organs and tissues before transplantation. It can also be used for emergency transfusions, as a replacement for blood lost in surgery and as an alternative to blood during low temperature surgery. Artificial blood also removes the risk of infection and does not trigger an immune response. Photographed at BioTime, California, USA, in 1992.