Protein research. Computer artwork of a protein microarray (coloured dots) and words about protein research and gene research. Protein microarrays can be used to follow protein interactions. Each dot is a protein sample, with a colour for each protein being studied. Genes are the genetic units of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Genes control the production of proteins in the body, and research often aims to switch them on and off to help stop genetic diseases and conditions. Proteins are the major structural component of all life. The study of the interaction of proteins in living organisms is called proteomics.