Brain protein research. Computer artwork of a brain and coloured dots from a protein microarray. Protein microarrays can be used to follow protein interactions. Each dot is a protein sample, with a colour for each protein being studied. The samples are studied on a suitable substrate that minimizes any interference with the protein biochemistry. In the brain, proteins called neurotransmitters and receptors mediate the electrical activity of basic nervous function and human thoughts. Proteins in general are the major structural component of all life. The study of proteins, and their interaction in living organisms, is called proteomics.