Genome research. Scientist removes samples of human cancer cell lines from cryostorage, where they are frozen to -80 Celsius. From these cancer cells, cDNA (complementary DNA) will be obtained and cloned into large amounts for gene sequencing. This DNA research is conducted at The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA. Here the structure and function of human genes is analysed. At TIGR, cDNA ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) are produced; these tags" enable the reading of cDNA, lengths of copied genetic material identical to genes. Mapping human genes will enable the development of gene therapies for inherited human diseases."