Sucrose. Computer graphic of a molecule of sucrose, commonly known as table, cane or beet sugar. Sucrose is comprised of atoms of carbon (C, blue), oxygen (O, red) and hydrogen (H, white), and has the chemical formula C12H22O11. Sucrose is a disaccharide sugar - its molecule is made up of two simple monosaccharides units. These monosaccharides are glucopyranose (at lower left) and fructofuranose (at upper right), and they are joined together by an oxygen bond. The human digestive system uses the enzyme invertase to split sucrose into a mixture of glucose and fructose sugars.