Xenophon (c.444-c.357 BC), greek historian and soldier. Born in Athens, Xenophon was a pupil of the famous philosopher Socrates. He is the first known writer of shorthand, which he used to record the ideas of Socrates. He is remembered mainly for his accounts of his later exploits as a wandering soldier. These started when he was given command in the retreating Greek contingent of a defeated Persian army in 401 BC. The Anabasis gives an account of this epic retreat. He participated in many other campaigns, including some for other Greek city states against Athens. He settled near Sparta and eventually retired to Corinth where he died. This engraving first appeared in The History of Philosophy by Thomas Stanley, published in London in 1656.