Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl Shaftsbury (1671-1713), English politician and writer. Ashley-Cooper was born in London and educated at Winchester College. Following some travels in Europe he returned and stood for parliament. He was an asthmatic, so made several journeys to escape the pollution of London, eventually retiring to Holland. In 1711 he published anonymously his major work, Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times. In his philosophy, Ashley-Cooper was the first writer to establish the concept of the Moral Sense, thus refuting the egotistical stance of Hobbes. This engraving first appeared in the 1744 edition of Characteristicks.