Nicholas Culpeper (1616-1654), English physician, herbalist and astrologer. In 1649, Culpeper translated the College of Physicians' Pharmacopoeia from Latin to English. The book included sections on the preparation and uses of drugs. This unauthorised translation was popular with the public but made him many enemies in the medical establishment who resented their loss of a monopoly on knowledge. Artwork from A Physical Directory (London, 1651).