Coloured illustration after a detail from a painting in the tomb of Khnumhotep at Beni Hassan., Egypt. It dates from around 1880 BC during the reign of Senusret 11 and shows a group of semites on a trading mission to Egypt. Amongst the items they carry is stibium from Mesopotamia which the Egyptians used in eye make up. Also depicted are tools and instruments unknown in Egypt at that time. Until around 4000BC transport on land was restricted to what humans could carry. Between 4000 and 3000 BC horses and donkeys became domesticated and were used to transport people and goods. The opening up of land transport enabled great advances to be made through migration and trade.