Homo floresiensis skull (left) next to a human (Homo sapiens sapiens) skull (right), computer artwork. Homo floresiensis was a very small hominid, measuring just over a metre tall and having a very small brain. It is thought that it was a descendant of Homo erectus that underwent island dwarfism, a process where isolated species that lack predators, and are constrained by limited resources evolve to become smaller. It is thought to have become extinct 12,000 years ago, and so co-existed with modern humans (Homo sapiens). Remains of this skull were found in Liang Bua cave, Flores, Indonesia in 2003.